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Thrombocytopenia can occur alone, or it can develop as a complication of another disease, such as cancer or a viral infection. Platelet count may be decreased in patients who have a big spleen. Many viral infections can cause temporary thrombocytopenia. The fewer platelets an individual has in his/her blood and the longer he/she remains without enough of them, the more susceptible he/she is to bleeding. In some cases, thrombocytopenia is a chronic (long-lasting) condition that persists for years, but in other cases, it develops suddenly and dramatically. Thrombocytopenia is encountered in 7-8% of all pregnancies. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia typically occurs 6-10 days following administration of the chemotherapy drugs and continues for several days before platelets recover to an appropriate level. The modern recognition of the condition is mainly attributable to automated CBC counts, which routinely include platelet count. Infrequently, cancer patients may also experience thrombocytopenia from other medications or as a consequence of their underlying cancer.
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